Table 3 The association between cytoplasmic and nuclear TWIST1 expressions and clinicopathological parameters of colorectal cancer (CRC) samples (H-score) (P value; Pearson’s χ2 test)
Patients and tumor characteristics | Total samples N (%) | H-score (cut off = 149) N (%) Cytoplasmic TWIST1 expression | P-value | H-score (cut off = 172) N (%) Nuclear TWIST1 expression | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (≤ 149) | High (>  149) | Low (≤ 172) | High (>  172) | ||||
Number of CRC samples | 223 | 113 (50.7) | 110 (49.3) | 87 (39.0) | 136 (61.0) | ||
Mean age, years (Range) | 59 (20–91) |  |  | 0.159 |  |  | 0.262 |
  ≤ Mean age | 110 (49.3) | 61 (54.0) | 49 (44.5) |  | 47 (54.0) | 63 (46.3) |  |
  > Mean age | 113 (50.7) | 52 (46.0) | 61 (55.5) |  | 40 (46.0) | 73 (53.7) |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 0.095 | Â | Â | 0.129 |
 Male | 114 (51.1) | 64 (56.6) | 50 (45.5) |  | 50 (57.5) | 64 (47.1) |  |
 Female | 109 (48.9) | 49 (43.4) | 60 (54.5) |  | 37 (42.5) | 72 (52.9) |  |
 (Male/Female) | 1.04 | 1.30 | 0.83 |  | 1.35 | 0.88 |  |
Mean tumor size (cm) | 5 | Â | Â | 0.389 | Â | Â | 0.522 |
  ≤ Mean | 156 (70.0) | 82 (72.6) | 74 (67.3) |  | 63 (72.4) | 93 (68.4) |  |
  > Mean | 67 (30.0) | 31 (27.4) | 36 (32.7) |  | 24 (27.6) | 43 (31.6) |  |
Tumor differentiation | Â | Â | Â | 0.549 | Â | Â | 0.405 |
 Well | 103 (46.2) | 53 (46.9) | 50 (45.5) |  | 45 (51.7) | 58 (42.6) |  |
 Moderate | 104 (46.6) | 50 (44.2) | 54 (49.1) |  | 36 (41.4) | 68 (50.0) |  |
 Poor | 16 (7.2) | 10 (8.8) | 6 (5.5) |  | 6 (6.9) | 10 (7.4) |  |
TNM stage | Â | Â | Â | 0.932 | Â | Â | 0.831 |
 I | 40 (17.9) | 19 (16.8) | 21 (19.1) |  | 16 (18.4) | 24 (17.6) |  |
 II | 98 (43.9) | 52 (46.0) | 46 (41.8) |  | 40 (46.0) | 58 (42.6) |  |
 III | 79 (35.4) | 39 (34.5) | 40 (36.4) |  | 28 (32.2) | 51 (37.5) |  |
 IV | 6 (2.7) | 3 (2.7) | 3 (2.7) |  | 3 (3.4) | 3 (2.2) |  |
Vascular invasion (VI) | Â | Â | Â | 0.783 | Â | Â | 0.445 |
 Present | 36 (16.1) | 19 (16.8) | 17 (15.5) |  | 12 (13.8) | 24 (17.6) |  |
 Absent | 187 (83.9) | 94 (83.2) | 93 (84.5) |  | 75 (86.2) | 112 (82.4) |  |
Lymph node invasion (LNI) | Â | Â | Â | 0.878 | Â | Â | 0.571 |
 Involved | 82 (36.8) | 41 (36.3) | 41 (37.3) |  | 30 (34.5) | 52 (38.2) |  |
 None | 141 (63.2) | 72 (63.7) | 69 (62.7) |  | 57 (65.5) | 84 (61.8) |  |
Neural invasion (NI) | Â | Â | Â | 0.697 | Â | Â | 0.653 |
 Involved | 47 (21.1) | 25 (22.1) | 22 (20.0) |  | 17 (19.5) | 30 (22.1) |  |
 None | 176 (78.9) | 88 (77.9) | 88 (80.0) |  | 70 (80.5) | 106 (77.9) |  |
Distant metastasis | Â | Â | Â | 0.234 | Â | Â | 0.045 |
 Present | 37 (16.6) | 15 (13.3) | 22 (20.0) |  | 8 (9.2) | 29 (21.3) |  |
 Absent | 100 (44.8) | 52 (46.0) | 48 (43.6) |  | 40 (46.0) | 60 (44.1) |  |
Not identified | 86 (38.6) | 46 (40.7) | 40 (36.4) | Â | 39 (44.8) | 47 (34.6) | Â |
Tumor recurrence | Â | Â | Â | 0.568 | Â | Â | 0.149 |
 Yes | 42 (18.8) | 19 (16.8) | 23 (20.9) |  | 11 (12.7) | 31 (22.8) |  |
 No | 95 (42.6) | 48 (42.5) | 47 (42.7) |  | 37 (42.5) | 58 (42.6) |  |
Not identified | 86 (38.6) | 46 (40.7) | 40 (36.4) | Â | 39 (44.8) | 47 (34.6) | Â |